Reclaimed water for MAR in Barcelona a tool for water security
Please login to view abstract download link
In recent years, Barcelona has faced extreme water scarcity, with the city experiencing one of the most severe droughts in decades. This crisis has forced the local water utility to use groundwater reserves, since surface water availability was limited, to the point that reclaimed (treated) water from the city's tertiary wastewater treatment plant had to be released into the Llobregat River to maintain sufficient flow for both drinking water intake and ecological needs. Barcelona, like many other coastal cities, suffers from saline intrusion, especially in drought periods when groundwater abstraction is highest. The increased groundwater abstraction creates a negative hydraulic balance that pushes seawater intrusion further inland. The MARCLAIMED project addresses this challenge by a double recharge: excess reclaimed water through infiltration ponds and surface sand filtered water through a deep injection well, both sites on the same aquifer, which is used by the city water utility's well fields. This recharge increases the piezometric levels in the area near production wells, counteracting the drawdowns generated by groundwater abstraction. Additionally, the natural filtration of the reclaimed water through the aquifer enhances water quality stability and further purifies it by reducing pathogens, nutrients, and organic contaminants. The infiltration ponds are operational since April 2024 and include a 4000 m² decantation pond and a 5600 m² infiltration pond, with water quality monitored through 5 piezometers and 5 abstraction wells from the water utility, continuous CTD sensors and groundwater sampling every 6 weeks. Additionally infiltration also takes place through a deep injection well, monitored vía 5 piezómeters and 3 pumping wells. Preliminary results show increased piezometric levels and groundwater conductivity that align with the recharged water quality. Over the course of the project, so far 431.815 m3 of of reclaimed water have been infiltrated at the infiltration ponds, whilst 1.04 Mm3 of sand filtered water from the river have been recharged through the deep injection well, with the objetive of infiltrating 1 Mm³/year at each site. This showcases Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) as a crucial tool for improving water security in the region and a safe, effective pre-treatment method for reclaimed water. The aquifer recharge, available throughout the whole year and independent of rainfall events, raises piezometric levels creating a water buffer
