Real-time Flux Monitoring: The extra dimension for Coastal Groundwater Manangement
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If we can track groundwater flux in a phreatic coastal aquifer in real-time, can we improve the management of water extraction at high risk of saline intrusion? A question we’re answering at Dunea, a drinking water utility in the Netherlands, by installing a network of fifteen novel underground flux sensors and additional sensors linked to telemetry across the drinking water extraction area for real-time watershed monitoring. The flux sensors are installed in dedicated monitoring wells and measure the darcy velocity and direction of groundwater flow, which are real-time transmitted and interpreted into possible actions. Flux ranges from less than 1 cm/day up to 4m/day can be attained with the network. At the specific site, due to nature-based dune fortification (sand motor) and the presence of a post WWII bombing dump site in the dunes, the groundwater catchment faces multiple risks to be managed at this dynamic interface. Therefore drainage wells have historically been installed along the coastline, pumping and discharging saline groundwater to keep these risks oriented towards the coastline and the watershed between the catchment and the dump site. The prevention of contamination reaching the catchment is vital to safeguard the entire installation. The goal of the project is to enhance existing insights into groundwater dynamics, ensure resilient and sustainable production in response to increased demand and climate change, while minimizing additional costs. The network will help to optimize pumping regimes at coastal and inland areas to prevent either further saline intrusion or loss of infiltrated fresh water to the sea. At the same time the system will be operating as a real-time early warning system so remedial actions can be undertaken when flux sensors indicate potential harmful velocities and/or orientations, safeguarding future sustainable and resilient drinking water production.
