Bridging Land-Sea to Investigate Saltwater Intrusion and Submarine Groundwater Discharge (Granada, SE Spain): the Meta Project
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A set of coordinated techniques has been applied in the study of the coast of Granada (South-East Spain) aiming for the identification and characterization of saltwater intrusion and submarine groundwater discharge simultaneously. Through the study of a range of coastal aquifer types and with the combination of methods developed from the sea and in land, it has been possible to provide a full picture of the processes taking place along a region where freshwater is essential for society. The methods in land included in addition to the geological research, the monitoring of the water table and the salinity changes in groundwater, the use of transient electromagnetic, electrical resistivity tomography and chargeability, and gravimetry techniques and the groundwater modelling as integration tool. For the study in the sea, radon was used as tracer of groundwater discharge, together with measurements of temperature and salinity in the bottom of the sea combined with high resolution seismic to characterize the sediments under the sea. The study area included a range of settings from thick sedimentary aquifers with several recharge sources to limited size and highly salinized aquifers, and carbonate systems affected by karstification. The combined interpretation of results showed different cases along the coast despite all the coastal aquifers are very proximal to each other. High resolution seismic profiles reveal the heterogeneous character of the geological structure offshore and show the presence of coarse sedimentary units that possibly favours the groundwater discharge, even at long distances from the coast. The methods in land showed a high degree of variability of the geometry of the freshwater-saltwater interface due to geological factors and the variable aquifer recharge. The ongoing research of META project will contribute to determine the characteristics and factors affecting to groundwater discharge in this region.
