Offshore Freshened Groundwater in The Levant Basin: Different Modes of Active Land-Sea Connectedness Dictate Different Hydrologic Functioning

  • Paldor, Anner (University of Tennessee, Knoxville)
  • Bertoni, Claudia (Oxford University)
  • Michael, Holly (University of Delaware)

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Fresh groundwater is increasingly found under the ocean at distances offshore and depths where they are not expected to be found because those areas are largely dominated by saltwater. These surprising discoveries from around the globe, collectively termed Offshore Freshened Groundwater (OFG), were previously thought to represent only ancient water that was trapped under the surface when sea levels were lower in the past, called Passive OFG. However, recent discoveries suggest that OFG may also represent modern connections between the land and the ocean, through deep subsurface conduits, called Active OFG. For these conduits to effectively transport fresh groundwater from the land to the offshore, they must have some form of connection to the sea that will serve as an outlet for the seaward flowing freshened groundwater. This talk discusses two recently discovered forms of such outlets in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. In one place, the outlet is formed by an erosive submarine canyon, and in another, adjacent location, the outlet is formed by a fault. These two different modes of Active OFG, occurring in adjacent locations under similar settings (except for the type of the outlet), provide an opportunity to isolate other factors to better understand the effect of specific configurations on the dynamics of groundwater flow and salt transport in active OFG systems. This presentation discusses these differences and their implications for potential exploitations of OFG.